[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"news-1000000000000000992":3,"\u002Fapi\u002Fnews\u002Flist?categoryId=1000000000000000032&orderByColumn=publishTime&isAsc=desc&pageSize=5":15,"session-user":55},{"id":4,"articleNo":5,"categoryId":6,"categoryName":7,"title":8,"content":9,"publishTime":10,"isTop":11,"isHot":11,"isRecommend":11,"viewCount":12,"collectCount":13,"updateTime":10,"contentHtml":14},"1000000000000000992","74180","1000000000000000032","水文地质","地下水漏斗是怎么形成的？图解多种自然现象","**一.抽水井与降落漏斗**\n\nPumping Well and Cone of Depression\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F7040253384fb5ca3370eae401b99fbc1.gif)\n\n降落漏斗是指因在井中抽水形成的漏斗状水位下降区。降落漏斗以抽水井为中心，距水井愈近水位下降愈大，水面坡度愈陡；距水井愈远水位下降愈小，水面坡度愈缓。\n\n**二.抽水井与降落漏斗**\n\nPumping Well and Cone of Depression\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fc75e459804e9f022e23d0eeeb7b68d72.gif)\n\n对于被井开采的承压含水层，在井孔附近形成虚拟的承压水水头降落漏斗。\n\n**三.抽水井与海水入侵**\n\nPumping Well and Salt Water Intrusion\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fd227a152d84f19acb1a1cfc2ee38e753.gif)\n\n超量开采地下水，就会引起地下水位大幅度下降，淡水地下水的水压随之减少，从而破坏了海水与淡水之间的水动力平衡，进而就造成了海水入侵。\n\n**四.自流井与自流含水层**\n\nArtesian Well and Confined Aquifer\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F34a93e1c13fe1821b0705469f5edf62a.gif)\n\n承压水头高出地表的井。自流井在开采过程中，由于本井或周围水井所造成的水头消耗，可以使压力水头下降到地表面以下，此时就需要用水泵提水。\n\n自流含水层也称为承压含水层。承压水所在的地质层面称之为承压含水层，是充满于上下两隔水层之间的含水层中的水。它承受压力，当上覆的隔水层被凿穿时，水能从钻孔上升或喷出。\n\n**五.间歇泉的一个喷发周期**\n\nEruptive Cycle of a Geyser\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F0524a972bc5784a96c42788ae67a80da.gif)\n\n炽热的熔岩使周围地层的水温升高，化为水汽，这些水汽沿岩石层的垂直裂隙上升，当温度下降到汽化点以下时就凝结成为温度很高的水。这些积聚起来的水，还有地层上部的地下水同时混杂有蒸汽沿地层裂隙喷射流冒到地面。每间隔一段时间就会喷发一次，从而形成了间歇泉。\n\n**六.冰盖横断面**\n\nCross-Section of an Ice Sheet\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F12591bae2a11c726d601b8c2de2690e3.gif)\n\n冰盖的流动几乎不受下伏地形影响，自中心向四周外流，边缘部分自陆地向海洋伸展。冰盖底部通常比较温暖从而出现冰融，冰融水会促进冰盖的流动。\n\n**七.冰川生长与消融**\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fbcb413a9937f6f21483d32e8f0da7162.gif)\n\n*   zone of ablation--冰川消融区\n*   zone of accumulation--冰川积累区\n\n    equilibrium line--冰川平衡线\n\n    **八.冰川运动**\n\n    Movement of a Glacier\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F6f4c7d63ae18570032869688828c8070.gif)\n\n    冰川分为两层，表面容易断裂的这层叫做脆性带，常有许多裂隙的存在，大概在40米深左右，下部“柔软”的那层叫做塑形带，也是冰川流动的根本原因。\n\n    冰川通过晶粒间滑动而运动，从上到下，晶粒的运动速率逐渐减小。\n\n    冰川运动过程中，可能会遇到突起基岩的阻塞，就会在那里形成前挤后压的剪应力，叫做阻塞重力流，当阻塞重力流发生时，冰中常有断层或褶皱出现。\n\n    **九.冰川裂隙**\n\n    Crevasses on a Glacier\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F94c8b41e2a6cfc5309a4908d81cbeab7.gif)\n\n    **十一.波浪运动**\n\n    Orbital Motion in Shallow Water\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fd5a49b787e502acc24691114feb0e268.gif)\n\n    波浪由深水区传入浅水区，波形发生变化。深水区是波长恒定的波形，波浪做圆周运动；浅水区受到水底边界的影响，波浪做椭圆运动。\n\n    **十二.流动、滑坡、坍塌**\n\n    Flow Slide Fall\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Ff00a9732c91bd9bce47fc1c9521ffb8e.gif)\n\n    **十三.水流搬运沉积物模式图**\n\n    Modes of Sediment Transport\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fe13e73757cc096d65b07b87e7518b669.gif)\n\n    推移：类似于蠕移，水流作用使得砂粒沿着沟底或者河床滑动活着滚动。跃移：一定大小的砂粒在水流作用下跳跃前进。悬移：水流中的细粒物质成悬浮状态随水流运动。\n\n    搬运能力取决于流速。\n\n    **十四.曲流河截弯取直**\n\n    Meander Cut-Offs and Oxbow Lakes\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F10ede93882540710994ff47f97f58688.gif)\n\n    **十五.洪泛平原与河流阶地**\n\n    Flood Plain and Stream Terrace\n\n    ![](https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F99b85dd19a91c48b49672f189e394a59.gif)","2023-05-06T20:08:06+08:00","N",2295,0,"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>一.抽水井与降落漏斗\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Pumping Well and Cone of Depression\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F7040253384fb5ca3370eae401b99fbc1.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>降落漏斗是指因在井中抽水形成的漏斗状水位下降区。降落漏斗以抽水井为中心，距水井愈近水位下降愈大，水面坡度愈陡；距水井愈远水位下降愈小，水面坡度愈缓。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>二.抽水井与降落漏斗\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Pumping Well and Cone of Depression\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fc75e459804e9f022e23d0eeeb7b68d72.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>对于被井开采的承压含水层，在井孔附近形成虚拟的承压水水头降落漏斗。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>三.抽水井与海水入侵\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Pumping Well and Salt Water Intrusion\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fd227a152d84f19acb1a1cfc2ee38e753.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>超量开采地下水，就会引起地下水位大幅度下降，淡水地下水的水压随之减少，从而破坏了海水与淡水之间的水动力平衡，进而就造成了海水入侵。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>四.自流井与自流含水层\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Artesian Well and Confined Aquifer\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F34a93e1c13fe1821b0705469f5edf62a.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>承压水头高出地表的井。自流井在开采过程中，由于本井或周围水井所造成的水头消耗，可以使压力水头下降到地表面以下，此时就需要用水泵提水。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>自流含水层也称为承压含水层。承压水所在的地质层面称之为承压含水层，是充满于上下两隔水层之间的含水层中的水。它承受压力，当上覆的隔水层被凿穿时，水能从钻孔上升或喷出。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>五.间歇泉的一个喷发周期\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Eruptive Cycle of a Geyser\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F0524a972bc5784a96c42788ae67a80da.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>炽热的熔岩使周围地层的水温升高，化为水汽，这些水汽沿岩石层的垂直裂隙上升，当温度下降到汽化点以下时就凝结成为温度很高的水。这些积聚起来的水，还有地层上部的地下水同时混杂有蒸汽沿地层裂隙喷射流冒到地面。每间隔一段时间就会喷发一次，从而形成了间歇泉。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>六.冰盖横断面\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Cross-Section of an Ice Sheet\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F12591bae2a11c726d601b8c2de2690e3.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>冰盖的流动几乎不受下伏地形影响，自中心向四周外流，边缘部分自陆地向海洋伸展。冰盖底部通常比较温暖从而出现冰融，冰融水会促进冰盖的流动。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>七.冰川生长与消融\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fbcb413a9937f6f21483d32e8f0da7162.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>zone of ablation--冰川消融区\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>zone of accumulation--冰川积累区\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>equilibrium line--冰川平衡线\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>八.冰川运动\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Movement of a Glacier\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F6f4c7d63ae18570032869688828c8070.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>冰川分为两层，表面容易断裂的这层叫做脆性带，常有许多裂隙的存在，大概在40米深左右，下部“柔软”的那层叫做塑形带，也是冰川流动的根本原因。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>冰川通过晶粒间滑动而运动，从上到下，晶粒的运动速率逐渐减小。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>冰川运动过程中，可能会遇到突起基岩的阻塞，就会在那里形成前挤后压的剪应力，叫做阻塞重力流，当阻塞重力流发生时，冰中常有断层或褶皱出现。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>九.冰川裂隙\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Crevasses on a Glacier\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F94c8b41e2a6cfc5309a4908d81cbeab7.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>十一.波浪运动\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Orbital Motion in Shallow Water\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fd5a49b787e502acc24691114feb0e268.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>波浪由深水区传入浅水区，波形发生变化。深水区是波长恒定的波形，波浪做圆周运动；浅水区受到水底边界的影响，波浪做椭圆运动。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>十二.流动、滑坡、坍塌\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Flow Slide Fall\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Ff00a9732c91bd9bce47fc1c9521ffb8e.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>十三.水流搬运沉积物模式图\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Modes of Sediment Transport\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002Fe13e73757cc096d65b07b87e7518b669.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>推移：类似于蠕移，水流作用使得砂粒沿着沟底或者河床滑动活着滚动。跃移：一定大小的砂粒在水流作用下跳跃前进。悬移：水流中的细粒物质成悬浮状态随水流运动。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>搬运能力取决于流速。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>十四.曲流河截弯取直\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Meander Cut-Offs and Oxbow Lakes\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F10ede93882540710994ff47f97f58688.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>十五.洪泛平原与河流阶地\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Flood Plain and Stream Terrace\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffile.sinosite.com.cn\u002Fsinosite-file\u002Fnews\u002Fold\u002F20230506\u002F99b85dd19a91c48b49672f189e394a59.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n",{"items":16,"total":37,"pageNum":53,"pageSize":54},[17,24,31,38,46],{"id":18,"articleNo":19,"categoryId":6,"categoryName":7,"title":20,"summary":21,"publishTime":22,"isTop":11,"isHot":11,"isRecommend":11,"viewCount":23,"collectCount":13,"updateTime":22},"1000000000000001244","74488","涨知识：看不见的地下水","水，是生命之源，在人类的生存与发展进程中占据着无可替代的关键地位。而地下水，作为地球上水资源储存库之一，对于全球水资源的稳定供应和生态平衡的维系，有着深远影响。","2026-04-27T10:57:00+08:00",124,{"id":25,"articleNo":26,"categoryId":6,"categoryName":7,"title":27,"summary":28,"publishTime":29,"isTop":11,"isHot":11,"isRecommend":11,"viewCount":30,"collectCount":13,"updateTime":29},"1000000000000001243","74487","土壤“八大问题”，你知道几个！","土壤“八大问题”-板、馋、贫、浅、酸、咸、脏、杂。","2026-04-27T09:07:43+08:00",104,{"id":32,"articleNo":33,"categoryId":6,"categoryName":7,"title":34,"summary":35,"publishTime":36,"isTop":11,"isHot":11,"isRecommend":11,"viewCount":37,"collectCount":13,"updateTime":36},"1000000000000001242","74486","5分钟学会判断土壤健康，如果您家的土壤有盐碱、酸化、板结等问题，请速看！","5 分钟学会判断土壤健康，如果您家的土壤有盐碱、酸化、板结等问题，请速看！！","2026-04-27T08:51:59+08:00",116,{"id":39,"articleNo":40,"categoryId":6,"categoryName":7,"title":41,"summary":42,"publishTime":43,"isTop":11,"isHot":11,"isRecommend":11,"viewCount":44,"collectCount":13,"updateTime":45},"1000000000000001240","74484","《生态环境法典》“固体废物污染防治”分编与《固废法》对比","《生态环境法典》第二编第六分编“固体废物污染防治”与《固体废物污染环境防治法》进行对比","2026-03-31T09:12:16+08:00",2,"2026-03-31T09:13:25+08:00",{"id":47,"articleNo":48,"categoryId":6,"categoryName":7,"title":49,"summary":50,"publishTime":51,"isTop":11,"isHot":11,"isRecommend":11,"viewCount":52,"collectCount":13,"updateTime":51},"1000000000000001239","74483","《生态环境法典》“水污染防治”分编与《水污染防治法》对比","本次推文将《生态环境法典》第二编第三分编“水污染防治”与《水污染防治法》进行对比。","2026-03-30T10:44:27+08:00",204,1,5,null]